Civil Society: Concept and Attributes
Civil Society: Concept and Attributes
(Civil society) is widely known as the (tertiary), (voluntary), or (independent) sector and consists mainly of different types of organizations; it includes associations, foundations, non-profit companies, public utility companies, development organizations, organizations Community, religious organizations, sports clubs, advocacy groups, arts and culture organizations, charities, trade unions and professional associations, humanitarian aid organizations, charitable funds and political parties, etc. They are generally referred to as non-governmental organizations.
• The idea of civil society depends in essence on the distinction between the (private) and (public) areas, and specifically refers to intermediary organizations that can represent the link between the two areas. Therefore, the most common definition of the concept of civil society is: "the area where a group of citizens converge outside the family, the state or the market to advance their common interests." It is assumed that these organizations always distance themselves from sectarian, partisan, ideological, political and religious conflicts, because their intervention denies them the two most important characteristics that distinguish them from other organizations: Voluntarism and independence
In our definition of civil society - and in this paper - we favor and support the trend that excludes unions and political parties from being included in civil society organizations as the most influential and influenced by the political process and representing a direct stakeholder.
· Civil society has the nature of its formation (features that made it unique and gave it flexibility that allowed it to play many and varied roles, whether in peace or war). The most important of these features are; urbanization, recognition and respect for the other, uphold the principle of dialogue in the resolution of differences and the call for tolerance and non-violence. The individual (civil) or civil itself includes the qualities and meanings of tolerance, understanding and assimilation of plurality and diversity, all indications associated with modern cities and civilization. Any institution or organization that violates these traits in its literature or practice automatically pulls itself out of civil society. Reflecting on these features, they reflect the essence of the democratic idea. This link between civil society and democracy underlines the importance and necessity of strengthening the former if democracy is to be believed and its culture to prevail in society.
National Dialogue in Sudan: Experiences and Challenges
In view of the experiences of many countries in the world to overcome their intractable and complex political crises, we find that all the experiments emphasize the need to recognize the crisis first and then recognize that the solution does not tolerate the absence of one of the parties affected by the national crisis. The means and approach accepted by most of the world's crisis countries was to call for a genuine, transparent and inclusive national dialogue. The idea of national dialogue was then devoted as an intelligent and effective way out of any complex national crisis for which a peaceful and sustainable solution was sought.
Therefore, the current system of comprehensive national dialogue is coming out of the current crisis situation in Sudan at the right time, as the alternative is either a massive revolution that does not guarantee its outcome internally, regionally and globally, or the collapse and chaos and the complete disintegration of Sudan on the road to Somaliland and Balkanization. Consequently, the internal, regional and global desire meets the importance and necessity of a peaceful and peaceful way that does not contribute to further confusion for the region, as these are all partners and stakeholders in achieving stability in Sudan.
· The speech of Sudanese President Omar Hassan Ahmed Al-Bashir on the 27th of January 2014 carries a call for all political forces to participate in a comprehensive national dialogue in which all components of society and political forces open a new way out of the country's political, social, economic and security crises. Backgammon and without preconditions. More than 80 parties agreed to participate in the national dialogue, led by the National Umma Party and the Popular Congress Party.
The National Dialogue Mechanism was composed of 14 members (7 + 7); it was divided between the government and opposition forces.
There are some political forces from the National Consensus Alliance and the armed movements under the banner of the Revolutionary Front, welcomed the initiative of the national dialogue, but stipulated the creation of a climate to extend freedoms and release all political prisoners and amnesty for the convicts and the abolition of all laws restricting freedoms and stop the war and pass relief to the affected citizens under the supervision of relief organizations And provide adequate guarantees for participation. She stressed the need to meet the national dialogue of the wishes and aspirations of the Sudanese people in freedom, democracy, peace and stability.
Challenges of the Sudanese National Dialogue
ü Participation of all parties (coalition of national consensus forces, armed movements / RUF)
ü Agreement on the position of the national dialogue process on the constitutional eligibility of the elections in 2015
ü Participation of civil society organizations and symbols
ü Agreement on the purpose of the national dialogue and the powers and powers of the national dialogue process
ü The period of time that the national dialogue process can take
ü Foreign interventions
Mobilizing and mobilizing the public to support and protect the national dialogue process and ensure the implementation of its results
Civil Society, Reform Initiatives and National Dialogue
The major scourge that leads to the collapse of reform projects in Sudan is the absence of a social incubator and sufficient awareness to support, support, monitor and guarantee its access. Civil society and its organizations have been the backbone of all social, economic and political transformations that have taken place in many regions and countries of the world. Regimes and governments are no longer the sole controllers
